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SQL Key Words

PostgreSQL 9.6.24 Documentation
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Table C-1 lists all tokens that are key words in the SQL standard and in PostgreSQL 9.6.24. Background information can be found in Section 4.1.1 . (For space reasons, only the latest two versions of the SQL standard, and SQL-92 for historical comparison, are included. The differences between those and the other intermediate standard versions are small.)

SQL distinguishes between reserved and non-reserved key words. According to the standard, reserved key words are the only real key words; they are never allowed as identifiers. Non-reserved key words only have a special meaning in particular contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. Most non-reserved key words are actually the names of built-in tables and functions specified by SQL. The concept of non-reserved key words essentially only exists to declare that some predefined meaning is attached to a word in some contexts.

In the PostgreSQL parser life is a bit more complicated. There are several different classes of tokens ranging from those that can never be used as an identifier to those that have absolutely no special status in the parser as compared to an ordinary identifier. (The latter is usually the case for functions specified by SQL.) Even reserved key words are not completely reserved in PostgreSQL , but can be used as column labels (for example, SELECT 55 AS CHECK , even though CHECK is a reserved key word).

In Table C-1 in the column for PostgreSQL we classify as "non-reserved" those key words that are explicitly known to the parser but are allowed as column or table names. Some key words that are otherwise non-reserved cannot be used as function or data type names and are marked accordingly. (Most of these words represent built-in functions or data types with special syntax. The function or type is still available but it cannot be redefined by the user.) Labeled "reserved" are those tokens that are not allowed as column or table names. Some reserved key words are allowable as names for functions or data types; this is also shown in the table. If not so marked, a reserved key word is only allowed as an "AS" column label name.

As a general rule, if you get spurious parser errors for commands that contain any of the listed key words as an identifier you should try to quote the identifier to see if the problem goes away.

It is important to understand before studying Table C-1 that the fact that a key word is not reserved in PostgreSQL does not mean that the feature related to the word is not implemented. Conversely, the presence of a key word does not indicate the existence of a feature.

Table C-1. SQL Key Words

Key Word PostgreSQL SQL:2011 SQL:2008 SQL-92
A non-reserved non-reserved
ABORT non-reserved
ABS reserved reserved
ABSENT non-reserved non-reserved
ABSOLUTE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ACCESS non-reserved
ACCORDING non-reserved non-reserved
ACTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ADA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ADD non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ADMIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
AFTER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
AGGREGATE non-reserved
ALL reserved reserved reserved reserved
ALLOCATE reserved reserved reserved
ALSO non-reserved
ALTER non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ALWAYS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ANALYSE reserved
ANALYZE reserved
AND reserved reserved reserved reserved
ANY reserved reserved reserved reserved
ARE reserved reserved reserved
ARRAY reserved reserved reserved
ARRAY_AGG reserved reserved
ARRAY_MAX_CARDINALITY reserved
AS reserved reserved reserved reserved
ASC reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ASENSITIVE reserved reserved
ASSERTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ASSIGNMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ASYMMETRIC reserved reserved reserved
AT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ATOMIC reserved reserved
ATTRIBUTE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ATTRIBUTES non-reserved non-reserved
AUTHORIZATION reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
AVG reserved reserved reserved
BACKWARD non-reserved
BASE64 non-reserved non-reserved
BEFORE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
BEGIN non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
BEGIN_FRAME reserved
BEGIN_PARTITION reserved
BERNOULLI non-reserved non-reserved
BETWEEN non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
BIGINT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
BINARY reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved
BIT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved
BIT_LENGTH reserved
BLOB reserved reserved
BLOCKED non-reserved non-reserved
BOM non-reserved non-reserved
BOOLEAN non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
BOTH reserved reserved reserved reserved
BREADTH non-reserved non-reserved
BY non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
C non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CACHE non-reserved
CALL reserved reserved
CALLED non-reserved reserved reserved
CARDINALITY reserved reserved
CASCADE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CASCADED non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CASE reserved reserved reserved reserved
CAST reserved reserved reserved reserved
CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CATALOG_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CEIL reserved reserved
CEILING reserved reserved
CHAIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHAR non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
CHARACTER non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
CHARACTERISTICS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHARACTERS non-reserved non-reserved
CHARACTER_LENGTH reserved reserved reserved
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHAR_LENGTH reserved reserved reserved
CHECK reserved reserved reserved reserved
CHECKPOINT non-reserved
CLASS non-reserved
CLASS_ORIGIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CLOB reserved reserved
CLOSE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CLUSTER non-reserved
COALESCE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
COBOL non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLATE reserved reserved reserved reserved
COLLATION reserved (can be function or type) non-reserved non-reserved reserved
COLLATION_CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLATION_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLATION_SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLECT reserved reserved
COLUMN reserved reserved reserved reserved
COLUMNS non-reserved non-reserved
COLUMN_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE non-reserved non-reserved
COMMENT non-reserved
COMMENTS non-reserved
COMMIT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
COMMITTED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONCURRENTLY reserved (can be function or type)
CONDITION reserved reserved
CONDITION_NUMBER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONFIGURATION non-reserved
CONFLICT non-reserved
CONNECT reserved reserved reserved
CONNECTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CONNECTION_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRAINT reserved reserved reserved reserved
CONSTRAINTS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRUCTOR non-reserved non-reserved
CONTAINS reserved non-reserved
CONTENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONTINUE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CONTROL non-reserved non-reserved
CONVERSION non-reserved
CONVERT reserved reserved reserved
COPY non-reserved
CORR reserved reserved
CORRESPONDING reserved reserved reserved
COST non-reserved
COUNT reserved reserved reserved
COVAR_POP reserved reserved
COVAR_SAMP reserved reserved
CREATE reserved reserved reserved reserved
CROSS reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
CSV non-reserved
CUBE non-reserved reserved reserved
CUME_DIST reserved reserved
CURRENT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_CATALOG reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_DATE reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP reserved reserved
CURRENT_PATH reserved reserved
CURRENT_ROLE reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_ROW reserved
CURRENT_SCHEMA reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved
CURRENT_TIME reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE reserved reserved
CURRENT_USER reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURSOR non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURSOR_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CYCLE non-reserved reserved reserved
DATA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DATABASE non-reserved
DATALINK reserved reserved
DATE reserved reserved reserved
DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DAY non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DB non-reserved non-reserved
DEALLOCATE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DEC non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
DECIMAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
DECLARE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DEFAULT reserved reserved reserved reserved
DEFAULTS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DEFERRABLE reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DEFERRED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DEFINED non-reserved non-reserved
DEFINER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DEGREE non-reserved non-reserved
DELETE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DELIMITER non-reserved
DELIMITERS non-reserved
DENSE_RANK reserved reserved
DEPENDS non-reserved
DEPTH non-reserved non-reserved
DEREF reserved reserved
DERIVED non-reserved non-reserved
DESC reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DESCRIBE reserved reserved reserved
DESCRIPTOR non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DETERMINISTIC reserved reserved
DIAGNOSTICS non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DICTIONARY non-reserved
DISABLE non-reserved
DISCARD non-reserved
DISCONNECT reserved reserved reserved
DISPATCH non-reserved non-reserved
DISTINCT reserved reserved reserved reserved
DLNEWCOPY reserved reserved
DLPREVIOUSCOPY reserved reserved
DLURLCOMPLETE reserved reserved
DLURLCOMPLETEONLY reserved reserved
DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE reserved reserved
DLURLPATH reserved reserved
DLURLPATHONLY reserved reserved
DLURLPATHWRITE reserved reserved
DLURLSCHEME reserved reserved
DLURLSERVER reserved reserved
DLVALUE reserved reserved
DO reserved
DOCUMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DOMAIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DOUBLE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DROP non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DYNAMIC reserved reserved
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE non-reserved non-reserved
EACH non-reserved reserved reserved
ELEMENT reserved reserved
ELSE reserved reserved reserved reserved
EMPTY non-reserved non-reserved
ENABLE non-reserved
ENCODING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ENCRYPTED non-reserved
END reserved reserved reserved reserved
END-EXEC reserved reserved reserved
END_FRAME reserved
END_PARTITION reserved
ENFORCED non-reserved
ENUM non-reserved
EQUALS reserved non-reserved
ESCAPE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
EVENT non-reserved
EVERY reserved reserved
EXCEPT reserved reserved reserved reserved
EXCEPTION reserved
EXCLUDE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
EXCLUDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
EXCLUSIVE non-reserved
EXEC reserved reserved reserved
EXECUTE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
EXISTS non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
EXP reserved reserved
EXPLAIN non-reserved
EXPRESSION non-reserved
EXTENSION non-reserved
EXTERNAL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
EXTRACT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
FALSE reserved reserved reserved reserved
FAMILY non-reserved
FETCH reserved reserved reserved reserved
FILE non-reserved non-reserved
FILTER non-reserved reserved reserved
FINAL non-reserved non-reserved
FIRST non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
FIRST_VALUE reserved reserved
FLAG non-reserved non-reserved
FLOAT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
FLOOR reserved reserved
FOLLOWING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
FOR reserved reserved reserved reserved
FORCE non-reserved
FOREIGN reserved reserved reserved reserved
FORTRAN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
FORWARD non-reserved
FOUND non-reserved non-reserved reserved
FRAME_ROW reserved
FREE reserved reserved
FREEZE reserved (can be function or type)
FROM reserved reserved reserved reserved
FS non-reserved non-reserved
FULL reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
FUNCTION non-reserved reserved reserved
FUNCTIONS non-reserved
FUSION reserved reserved
G non-reserved non-reserved
GENERAL non-reserved non-reserved
GENERATED non-reserved non-reserved
GET reserved reserved reserved
GLOBAL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
GO non-reserved non-reserved reserved
GOTO non-reserved non-reserved reserved
GRANT reserved reserved reserved reserved
GRANTED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
GREATEST non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
GROUP reserved reserved reserved reserved
GROUPING non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
GROUPS reserved
HANDLER non-reserved
HAVING reserved reserved reserved reserved
HEADER non-reserved
HEX non-reserved non-reserved
HIERARCHY non-reserved non-reserved
HOLD non-reserved reserved reserved
HOUR non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ID non-reserved non-reserved
IDENTITY non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
IF non-reserved
IGNORE non-reserved non-reserved
ILIKE reserved (can be function or type)
IMMEDIATE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
IMMEDIATELY non-reserved
IMMUTABLE non-reserved
IMPLEMENTATION non-reserved non-reserved
IMPLICIT non-reserved
IMPORT non-reserved reserved reserved
IN reserved reserved reserved reserved
INCLUDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
INCREMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
INDENT non-reserved non-reserved
INDEX non-reserved
INDEXES non-reserved
INDICATOR reserved reserved reserved
INHERIT non-reserved
INHERITS non-reserved
INITIALLY reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
INLINE non-reserved
INNER reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INOUT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
INPUT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
INSENSITIVE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
INSERT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
INSTANCE non-reserved non-reserved
INSTANTIABLE non-reserved non-reserved
INSTEAD non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
INT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INTEGER non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INTEGRITY non-reserved non-reserved
INTERSECT reserved reserved reserved reserved
INTERSECTION reserved reserved
INTERVAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INTO reserved reserved reserved reserved
INVOKER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
IS reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
ISNULL reserved (can be function or type)
ISOLATION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
JOIN reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
K non-reserved non-reserved
KEY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
KEY_MEMBER non-reserved non-reserved
KEY_TYPE non-reserved non-reserved
LABEL non-reserved
LAG reserved reserved
LANGUAGE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
LARGE non-reserved reserved reserved
LAST non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
LAST_VALUE reserved reserved
LATERAL reserved reserved reserved
LEAD reserved reserved
LEADING reserved reserved reserved reserved
LEAKPROOF non-reserved
LEAST non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
LEFT reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
LENGTH non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
LEVEL non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
LIBRARY non-reserved non-reserved
LIKE reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
LIKE_REGEX reserved reserved
LIMIT reserved non-reserved non-reserved
LINK non-reserved non-reserved
LISTEN non-reserved
LN reserved reserved
LOAD non-reserved
LOCAL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
LOCALTIME reserved reserved reserved
LOCALTIMESTAMP reserved reserved reserved
LOCATION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
LOCATOR non-reserved non-reserved
LOCK non-reserved
LOCKED non-reserved
LOGGED non-reserved
LOWER reserved reserved reserved
M non-reserved non-reserved
MAP non-reserved non-reserved
MAPPING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MATCH non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
MATCHED non-reserved non-reserved
MATERIALIZED non-reserved
MAX reserved reserved reserved
MAXVALUE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MAX_CARDINALITY reserved
MEMBER reserved reserved
MERGE reserved reserved
MESSAGE_LENGTH non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MESSAGE_TEXT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
METHOD non-reserved reserved reserved
MIN reserved reserved reserved
MINUTE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
MINVALUE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MOD reserved reserved
MODE non-reserved
MODIFIES reserved reserved
MODULE reserved reserved reserved
MONTH non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
MORE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MOVE non-reserved
MULTISET reserved reserved
MUMPS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NAMES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
NAMESPACE non-reserved non-reserved
NATIONAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NATURAL reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NCHAR non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NCLOB reserved reserved
NESTING non-reserved non-reserved
NEW reserved reserved
NEXT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
NFC non-reserved non-reserved
NFD non-reserved non-reserved
NFKC non-reserved non-reserved
NFKD non-reserved non-reserved
NIL non-reserved non-reserved
NO non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
NONE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
NORMALIZE reserved reserved
NORMALIZED non-reserved non-reserved
NOT reserved reserved reserved reserved
NOTHING non-reserved
NOTIFY non-reserved
NOTNULL reserved (can be function or type)
NOWAIT non-reserved
NTH_VALUE reserved reserved
NTILE reserved reserved
NULL reserved reserved reserved reserved
NULLABLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NULLIF non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NULLS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NUMBER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NUMERIC non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
OBJECT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
OCCURRENCES_REGEX reserved reserved
OCTETS non-reserved non-reserved
OCTET_LENGTH reserved reserved reserved
OF non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
OFF non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
OFFSET reserved reserved reserved
OIDS non-reserved
OLD reserved reserved
ON reserved reserved reserved reserved
ONLY reserved reserved reserved reserved
OPEN reserved reserved reserved
OPERATOR non-reserved
OPTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
OPTIONS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
OR reserved reserved reserved reserved
ORDER reserved reserved reserved reserved
ORDERING non-reserved non-reserved
ORDINALITY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
OTHERS non-reserved non-reserved
OUT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
OUTER reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
OUTPUT non-reserved non-reserved reserved
OVER non-reserved reserved reserved
OVERLAPS reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
OVERLAY non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
OVERRIDING non-reserved non-reserved
OWNED non-reserved
OWNER non-reserved
P non-reserved non-reserved
PAD non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PARALLEL non-reserved
PARAMETER reserved reserved
PARAMETER_MODE non-reserved non-reserved
PARAMETER_NAME non-reserved non-reserved
PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION non-reserved non-reserved
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME non-reserved non-reserved
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved
PARSER non-reserved
PARTIAL non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PARTITION non-reserved reserved reserved
PASCAL non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
PASSING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
PASSTHROUGH non-reserved non-reserved
PASSWORD non-reserved
PATH non-reserved non-reserved
PERCENT reserved
PERCENTILE_CONT reserved reserved
PERCENTILE_DISC reserved reserved
PERCENT_RANK reserved reserved
PERIOD reserved
PERMISSION non-reserved non-reserved
PLACING reserved non-reserved non-reserved
PLANS non-reserved
PLI non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
POLICY non-reserved
PORTION reserved
POSITION non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
POSITION_REGEX reserved reserved
POWER reserved reserved
PRECEDES reserved
PRECEDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
PRECISION non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
PREPARE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
PREPARED non-reserved
PRESERVE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PRIMARY reserved reserved reserved reserved
PRIOR non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PRIVILEGES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PROCEDURAL non-reserved
PROCEDURE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
PROGRAM non-reserved
PUBLIC non-reserved non-reserved reserved
QUOTE non-reserved
RANGE non-reserved reserved reserved
RANK reserved reserved
READ non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
READS reserved reserved
REAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
REASSIGN non-reserved
RECHECK non-reserved
RECOVERY non-reserved non-reserved
RECURSIVE non-reserved reserved reserved
REF non-reserved reserved reserved
REFERENCES reserved reserved reserved reserved
REFERENCING reserved reserved
REFRESH non-reserved
REGR_AVGX reserved reserved
REGR_AVGY reserved reserved
REGR_COUNT reserved reserved
REGR_INTERCEPT reserved reserved
REGR_R2 reserved reserved
REGR_SLOPE reserved reserved
REGR_SXX reserved reserved
REGR_SXY reserved reserved
REGR_SYY reserved reserved
REINDEX non-reserved
RELATIVE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
RELEASE non-reserved reserved reserved
RENAME non-reserved
REPEATABLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
REPLACE non-reserved
REPLICA non-reserved
REQUIRING non-reserved non-reserved
RESET non-reserved
RESPECT non-reserved non-reserved
RESTART non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RESTORE non-reserved non-reserved
RESTRICT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
RESULT reserved reserved
RETURN reserved reserved
RETURNED_CARDINALITY non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNED_LENGTH non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNED_SQLSTATE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNING reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNS non-reserved reserved reserved
REVOKE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
RIGHT reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
ROLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ROLLBACK non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ROLLUP non-reserved reserved reserved
ROUTINE non-reserved non-reserved
ROUTINE_CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved
ROUTINE_NAME non-reserved non-reserved
ROUTINE_SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved
ROW non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
ROWS non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ROW_COUNT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ROW_NUMBER reserved reserved
RULE non-reserved
SAVEPOINT non-reserved reserved reserved
SCALE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SCHEMA_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SCOPE reserved reserved
SCOPE_CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved
SCOPE_NAME non-reserved non-reserved
SCOPE_SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved
SCROLL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SEARCH non-reserved reserved reserved
SECOND non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SECTION non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SECURITY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SELECT reserved reserved reserved reserved
SELECTIVE non-reserved non-reserved
SELF non-reserved non-reserved
SENSITIVE reserved reserved
SEQUENCE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SEQUENCES non-reserved
SERIALIZABLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SERVER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SERVER_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SESSION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SESSION_USER reserved reserved reserved reserved
SET non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SETOF non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
SETS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SHARE non-reserved
SHOW non-reserved
SIMILAR reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved
SIMPLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SIZE non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SKIP non-reserved
SMALLINT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
SNAPSHOT non-reserved
SOME reserved reserved reserved reserved
SOURCE non-reserved non-reserved
SPACE non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SPECIFIC reserved reserved
SPECIFICTYPE reserved reserved
SPECIFIC_NAME non-reserved non-reserved
SQL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SQLCODE reserved
SQLERROR reserved
SQLEXCEPTION reserved reserved
SQLSTATE reserved reserved reserved
SQLWARNING reserved reserved
SQRT reserved reserved
STABLE non-reserved
STANDALONE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
START non-reserved reserved reserved
STATE non-reserved non-reserved
STATEMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
STATIC reserved reserved
STATISTICS non-reserved
STDDEV_POP reserved reserved
STDDEV_SAMP reserved reserved
STDIN non-reserved
STDOUT non-reserved
STORAGE non-reserved
STRICT non-reserved
STRIP non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
STRUCTURE non-reserved non-reserved
STYLE non-reserved non-reserved
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SUBMULTISET reserved reserved
SUBSTRING non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
SUBSTRING_REGEX reserved reserved
SUCCEEDS reserved
SUM reserved reserved reserved
SYMMETRIC reserved reserved reserved
SYSID non-reserved
SYSTEM non-reserved reserved reserved
SYSTEM_TIME reserved
SYSTEM_USER reserved reserved reserved
T non-reserved non-reserved
TABLE reserved reserved reserved reserved
TABLES non-reserved
TABLESAMPLE reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved
TABLESPACE non-reserved
TABLE_NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
TEMP non-reserved
TEMPLATE non-reserved
TEMPORARY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
TEXT non-reserved
THEN reserved reserved reserved reserved
TIES non-reserved non-reserved
TIME non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
TIMESTAMP non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
TIMEZONE_HOUR reserved reserved reserved
TIMEZONE_MINUTE reserved reserved reserved
TO reserved reserved reserved reserved
TOKEN non-reserved non-reserved
TOP_LEVEL_COUNT non-reserved non-reserved
TRAILING reserved reserved reserved reserved
TRANSACTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED non-reserved non-reserved
TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK non-reserved non-reserved
TRANSACTION_ACTIVE non-reserved non-reserved
TRANSFORM non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
TRANSFORMS non-reserved non-reserved
TRANSLATE reserved reserved reserved
TRANSLATE_REGEX reserved reserved
TRANSLATION reserved reserved reserved
TREAT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
TRIGGER non-reserved reserved reserved
TRIGGER_CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved
TRIGGER_NAME non-reserved non-reserved
TRIGGER_SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved
TRIM non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
TRIM_ARRAY reserved reserved
TRUE reserved reserved reserved reserved
TRUNCATE non-reserved reserved reserved
TRUSTED non-reserved
TYPE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
TYPES non-reserved
UESCAPE reserved reserved
UNBOUNDED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
UNCOMMITTED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
UNDER non-reserved non-reserved
UNENCRYPTED non-reserved
UNION reserved reserved reserved reserved
UNIQUE reserved reserved reserved reserved
UNKNOWN non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
UNLINK non-reserved non-reserved
UNLISTEN non-reserved
UNLOGGED non-reserved
UNNAMED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
UNNEST reserved reserved
UNTIL non-reserved
UNTYPED non-reserved non-reserved
UPDATE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
UPPER reserved reserved reserved
URI non-reserved non-reserved
USAGE non-reserved non-reserved reserved
USER reserved reserved reserved reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CODE non-reserved non-reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME non-reserved non-reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved
USING reserved reserved reserved reserved
VACUUM non-reserved
VALID non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
VALIDATE non-reserved
VALIDATOR non-reserved
VALUE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
VALUES non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
VALUE_OF reserved
VARBINARY reserved reserved
VARCHAR non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
VARIADIC reserved
VARYING non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
VAR_POP reserved reserved
VAR_SAMP reserved reserved
VERBOSE reserved (can be function or type)
VERSION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
VERSIONING reserved
VIEW non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
VIEWS non-reserved
VOLATILE non-reserved
WHEN reserved reserved reserved reserved
WHENEVER reserved reserved reserved
WHERE reserved reserved reserved reserved
WHITESPACE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
WIDTH_BUCKET reserved reserved
WINDOW reserved reserved reserved
WITH reserved reserved reserved reserved
WITHIN non-reserved reserved reserved
WITHOUT non-reserved reserved reserved
WORK non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
WRAPPER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
WRITE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
XML non-reserved reserved reserved
XMLAGG reserved reserved
XMLATTRIBUTES non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
XMLBINARY reserved reserved
XMLCAST reserved reserved
XMLCOMMENT reserved reserved
XMLCONCAT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
XMLDECLARATION non-reserved non-reserved
XMLDOCUMENT reserved reserved
XMLELEMENT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
XMLEXISTS non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
XMLFOREST non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
XMLITERATE reserved reserved
XMLNAMESPACES reserved reserved
XMLPARSE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
XMLPI non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
XMLQUERY reserved reserved
XMLROOT non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
XMLSCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved
XMLSERIALIZE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved
XMLTABLE reserved reserved
XMLTEXT reserved reserved
XMLVALIDATE reserved reserved
YEAR non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
YES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ZONE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
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